Narrative: Roland Barthes' Narrative Codes

Codes - aspects of texts from which the audience can derive meaning. These can be found in media products through decoding or deconstructing the text.

Hermeneutic/enigma codes - this refers to a mystery within a text that is not immediately answered.
Pulp Fiction opening scene in which two people plan a robbery. The context of the conversation is evidently known to them but is not to the audience, making it mysterious to the latter until their actions expose their intentions later.

Proairetic/action codes - these are parts of the story which are related to things hapening. This can work alongside enigma codes to create suspense.

Semantic codes - Things within a text that mean something, often multiple things. There can be many meanings within a single text.
Example: Inglorious Basterds bar scene - the way in which the three fingers are held up by the spy indicates to the other man that he is, in fact, a spy. This being based on the difference in how the Nazis and others indicate '3' using their fingers.

Symbolic codes - Part of a text that 'stands in' for something else.

Referential codes - Where part of a text refers to something not within itself. This assumes the audience's knowledge and understanding of the reference.
Example: Pulp Fiction scene featuring Samuel L. Jackson reading the Bible, an external reference. 

Action codes - Where the actions of characters within a scene conveys a large amount of the information present in a scene even without dialogue.
Example: The reservoir dogs scene in which a man cuts off another man's ear. His actions leading up to it heavily allude to something of this manner happening in the near future.